Maritime shipping is the main carrier of global trade, featuring large capacity and low unit cost, suitable for bulk commodities like minerals and agricultural products, but with slow timeliness. Air freight offers fast speed (7-15 days) and high safety, ideal for high-value and time-sensitive goods such as precision instruments, though it has higher costs. Railway transportation, represented by China-Europe Railway Express, balances timeliness and cost, stably serving Sino-European trade. International couriers (DHL, FedEx, etc.) provide door-to-door services within 3-7 days, suitable for urgent documents and small high-value goods
